Textile process and product



Patented Oct. 18, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CAMILLE DREYFUS,

LAND, MARYLAND, RATION OF DELAWARE No Drawing.

This invention relates to the rendering of yarns more. amenable to textile operations,

. and relates more particularly to the treatment of yarn made of filaments of substantially continuous lengths to present them in a form wherein they may torily. An object of our the surface of yarns or same may be more easily handled in subsequent textile operations. A further object of our invention is to so treat yarns that the same may be employed for making knitted or other fabrics having a smoother and more uniform apgearance than has heretofore been possible. ther objects of our invention will appear from the following detailed description. I

In the knitting of yarns, particularly yarns of continuous filamental structure, and especially in the circular knitting of fabric or hose in accordance with prior methods, often invention is to so treat filaments that the the stitches and loops do not have exactly The variation from the nor; mal or desired shape is known as stitch distortion, where the stitches do not form a suitable straight line along the rib of the fabric, or as pin-holes, where the stitches are so formed that there are small holes of; greater size than the normal spaces between or in the to the conclusion that this is probably due to lack of uniformity of the coeflicient of friction between the filaments of the yarn and also between the yarn and the needles or other worln'ng parts of the knittingmachine controlling the tension of the yarn and the shape of the stitch. r

We have found that if the surfaces, of the yarns or filaments are roughened in any suitable manner, the same can be knitted into more satisfactory fabrics, and may also be similar shapes.

. wound into more satisfactory packages which will stand more severe handling with less danger of slipping and collapsing.

In accordance with our-invention, we render yarns, particularly yarns made of continuous filaments, more suitable for textile operations by applying thereto a material that tends to roughen or increase the co- OF NEW YORK, N. Y ADD WILLIAM ASSIQNORS TO CELANESE CORPORATION be knitted. more satisfac material while yarn is either or wetted with a liquid or stitches so formed. We have come wnrrnrmm, or emiraor mnnrca, A 00320- TEXTILE PROCESS AND PRODUCT Application mm February 10, 1930. semi at; 427416.

efiicient of friction of the yarns or filaments. The yarns to be treated are preferably made of filaments of substantially continuous lengths. Thus the yarn may be made of filaments made of organic derivatives of cellulose, of reconstituted cellulose or of natural silk. A composite yarn madeoffilaments of two or more kinds may be employed. .The organic derivative of cellulose may be an organic ester of cellulose or cellulose ether. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, meth l cellulose and benzyl cellulose.

As to materials .to be applied to the yarn to increase the coefiicient of friction, any suitable ones may be used. They may be pigments, preferably in finely divided form, such as barium sulphate, barium carbonate, barium phosphate, calcium sulphate. calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc, zinc oxide, etc. However other solid materials such as starch and the like may be employed. The material may be applied to the yarn by running the yarn through a mass of the finely divided in the dry form, while the solvent.

Preferably however, the pigment or other solid material is ground or mixed with liquids, oils or finishes, and more preferably with the finishing or lubricating material ordinarily applied to such yarn. prior to the textile operation. However the use as a dispersing medium which readilyevaporates, such as'water or a volatile organic liquid like alcohol, is not excluded. Moreover the application to the yarn of the oils, finishes and pigments in separate operations is not excluded.

It is preferable to grind the pigments or insoluble material to a fine and uniform size, which may be done by the use of a ball mill or a colloidal mill. In case oil or other finish is employed the same may be ground with the pigment or insoluble material.

for the pigment of a liquid ment.

4Q ments.

The finishes containing the pigment or solid material may be applied to the yarn in any suitable manner. While we prefer to apply them to the yarn while it is in transit by means of rollers, rotating discs or the like which dip in a trough containing the finish, other means may be employed. Thus hanks of the yarn may be dipped in baths containing the finishes, or the finishes may be forced through the winding of a bobbin, cop or other package containing the yarn.

The finish containing the pigments or insoluble material may be applied to the artilimited thereto, the following specific example is given.

of filaments of cellulose acetate has applied thereto a lubricant containing 9 parts of diethylene glycol and 1 part of titanium dioxide. This is done by passing the yarn over the upper surface of a slowly rotating roller, 75

g e roller dipping in a trough containing the finish. The rate of feed from 8 to 10% is so controlled that of diethylene glycol based ficial filaments or yarn immediately after on the weight of the yarn is applied tlllieir formation either within or l()mtsidq 05 t e sp' ing metier, or they may e app ie in a winding operation prior to the knitting operation.. If the finish containing the insoluble material or pigment is applied to yarn that is to be knitted, the same may be applied to the yarn immediately prior to its bein fed to the knitting needles.

ile very small amounts of pigment or insoluble material have a beneficial effect, we prefer to apply an, amount equal to 0.2 to 2% based on the weight of the yarn, this being dispersed in an amount of oil or finish equal to between 5 and 15% of the weight of the yarn. Amounts in excess of these limits merely serve to increase the cost of operation and present the danger of fouling the guides, needles and other arts of the apparatus m which they come 1n contact because of the scraping off of the excess of finish and pig- The pigment or insoluble material added to the yarn may be removed from the fabric in any suitable manner such as by scouringf g Method of or in subsequent dyeing and finishing treatvmay be effected by chemical means; for exphosphate, these may be removed by treatment with aqueous solutions of hydrochloric obt 5 acid.

- Yarn when treated by Often the removal of the Pigments lPgm l ig condltlonmg hquld c011 O oample 1n case of calclum carbonate or barium g g g i g fi g the same 7 our invention has he yarn so treated is then knitted in a circular knitting machine and a fabric is formed which is substantially tion and pin-holes.

free of stitch distor- It is to be understood that the foregoing details are given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without f this invention.

departing from the spirit Having described our invention what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat ent is:

1. Method of forming knit fabrics com 2. Method of forming knit fabrics comprismg applying a finely divided solid to a yarn containing artificial filaments of cellulose acetate and then knitting the same whereby a it fabric of substantially unim loops is obtained.

forming knit fabrics comd1v1ded pigment to yarn nts ofcellulose acetate and whereby a 1t fabric of substantially uniform loops is ained.

In testlmony whereof, we have hereunto an increased coefficient of friction between subscnbed our names the filaments. Moreover the frictional applied tension between the yarn and guides, knitting needles or other apparatus involved in textile operations is much more uniform. Because of this, knitted fabric may be made from yarn treated by our invention either by circular knitting or warp knitting machines, which fabrics are substantially free of distortions and pin-holes. This is of great importance in the making of hose particularly in circular knitting machines. Furthermore the so-treated yarn may be wound into packages, such as cones, bottle bobbins have less tendency to slip or collapse than.

and the like which are very firm and which packages previously made.

By way of illustration but without being i V CAMILLE DREYFUS.

WILLIAM WH I TEHE'AD. 

